Internet access
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Common methods of home access include dial-up, landline broadband
(over coaxial cable, fibre optic or copper wires), Wi-Fi, satellite
and cell phones.
Public places to use the Internet include libraries and Internet
cafes, where computers with Internet connections are available.
There are also Internet access points in many public places like
airport halls, in some cases just for brief use while standing.
Various terms are used, such as "public Internet kiosk", "public
access terminal", and "Web payphone". Many hotels now also have
public terminals, though these are usually fee based.
Wi-Fi provides wireless access to computer networks, and therefore
can do so to the Internet itself. Hotspots providing such access
include Wi-Fi-cafes, where a would-be user needs to bring their own
wireless-enabled devices such as a laptop or PDA. These services may
be free to all, free to customers only, or fee-based. A hotspot need
not be limited to a confined location. |
The whole campus or park, or even the entire city can be enabled.
Grassroots efforts have led to wireless community networks.
Commercial WiFi services covering large city areas are in place in
London, San Francisco, Philadelphia and other cities, including
Toronto by the end of 2006. The Internet can then be accessed from
such places as a park bench.
Apart from Wi-Fi, there have been experiments with proprietary
mobile wireless networks like Ricochet, various high-speed data
services over cellular or mobile phone networks, and fixed wireless
services
In formal usage, Internet is traditionally written with a capital
first letter. The Internet Society, the Internet Engineering Task
Force, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, the
World Wide Web Consortium, and several other Internet-related
organizations all use this convention in their publications. In
English grammar, proper nouns are capitalized.
Most newspapers, newswires, periodicals, and technical journals also
capitalize the term. Examples include the New York Times, the
Associated Press, Time, The Times of India, Hindustan Times and
Communications of the ACM.
In other cases, the first letter is often written small (internet),
as it is argued that this is the correct form. However, the term
internet with a small i refers in network technologies to any
interconnected local area networks, whereas the Internet with a
capital i is the specific name of the largest internet on Earth; but
there are others.
Since 2000, a significant number of publications have switched to
using internet. Among them are The Economist, the Financial Times,
the London Times, and the Sydney Morning Herald. As of 2005, most
publications using internet appear to be located outside of North
America although one American news source, Wired News, has adopted
the lowercase spelling.
The Internet has been a major source of leisure since before the
World Wide Web, with entertaining social experiments such as MOOs
being conducted on university servers, and humor-related Usenet
groups receiving much of the main traffic. Today, many Internet
forums have sections devoted to neta; short cartoons in the form of
Flash movies are also popular.
The pornography and gambling industries have both taken full
advantage of the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant
source of advertising revenue for other Web sites. Although many
governments have attempted to put restrictions on both industries'
use of the Internet, this has generally failed to stop their
widespread popularity.
One main area of leisure on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This
form of leisure creates communities, bringing people of all ages and
origins to enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. These
range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing games
to online gambling. This has revolutionized the way many people
interact and spend their free time on the Internet.
Online gaming began with services such as Game Spy and MPlayer,
which players of games would typically subscribe to. Non-subscribers
were limited to certain types of game play or certain games. With
the release of Diablo by Blizzard Entertainment, gamers were treated
to a built in online game service that was free of charge over
Battle. net. With Blizzard's next game, Star Craft, the gaming world
saw an explosion in the numbers of players using the Internet to
play multi-player games. Star Craft may have been the first non-MMO
game in which most players utilized the online game play as opposed
to the single-player game play.
Many use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other
works for their enjoyment and relaxation. As discussed above, there
are paid and unpaid sources for all of these, using centralized
servers and distributed, peer-to-peer technologies. Discretion is
needed as some of these sources take more care over the original
artists' rights and over copyright laws than others.
Many use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports
reports, to plan and book holidays and to find out more about their
random ideas and casual interests.
People use chat, messaging and email to make and stay in touch with
friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some previously had
pen pals. Social networking web sites like Friends Reunited and many
others like them also put and keep people in contact for their
enjoyment.
Cyber slacking has become a serious drain on corporate resources;
the average UK employee spends 57 minutes a day surfing the web at
work, according to a study by Peninsula Business Services
Many computer scientists see the Internet as a "prime example of a
large-scale, highly engineered, yet highly complex system" (Willinger,
et al). The Internet is extremely heterogeneous. (For instance, data
transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections vary
widely.) The Internet exhibits "emergent phenomena" that depend on
its large-scale organization. For example, data transfer rates
exhibit temporal self-similarity.
The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some of
the biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of the
efficient nature of low-cost advertising and commerce through the
Internet; also known as e-commerce. It is the fastest way to spread
information to a vast amount of people simultaneously. The Internet
has also subsequently revolutionized shopping—for example; a person
can order a CD online and receive it in the mail within a couple of
days, or download it directly in some cases. The Internet has also
greatly facilitated personalized marketing which allows a company to
market a product to a specific person or a specific group of people
more so than any other advertising medium.
Examples of personalized marketing include online communities such
as Myspace, Friendster, and others which thousands of Internet users
join to advertise themselves and make friends online. Many of these
users are young teens and adolescents ranging from 13 to 25 years
old. In turn, when they advertise themselves they advertise
interests and hobbies, which online marketing companies can use as
information as to what those users will purchase online, and
advertise their own companies' products to those users. |
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